Snakebite envenoming is a recognised medical emergency that requires prompt and appropriate treatment. Harmful first‑aid practices such as tying the bitten limb or using sharp objects are widely discouraged by health professionals because they can worsen injury and delay access to effective care.
Nigeria is among countries with a high burden of snakebite cases, where delays in accessing antivenom and adequate clinical support continue to contribute to preventable deaths and severe complications.
Recent reports indicate challenges in health facilities’ capacity to treat snakebite envenoming and administer antivenom effectively.
The Medical Director of the Snakebite Treatment and Research Hospital, Kaltungo, Gombe State, Dr Nicholas Amani‑Hamman, said tying the affected part of the body with cloth to stop venom spread is “an old idea” that is not advisable.
He said doing so can concentrate the venom at the bite site and block blood supply, increasing local tissue damage and creating additional risks for the victim.
Dr Amani‑Hamman also cautioned against cutting the wound or using razor blades in a bid to extract venom, noting that such practices could be injurious and reduce chances of survival.
He said victims should avoid activities that increase heart rate and movement of the affected area and should be transported quickly to a medical facility where antivenom is available.
He stated, “First aid is very important, and the person should be told not to use the limb that is affected, not to tie the place.
Tying of the place is an old idea, so that the venom will not spread. … The limb usage should be discontinued.”
Health professionals emphasise that immobilising the limb and seeking immediate care at a facility that can confirm snakebite and administer antivenom are critical steps following a bite.
Experts say misconceptions about first‑aid treatments can contribute to delays in proper care and increase the likelihood of severe outcomes.
Reliable first‑aid guidance discourages harmful interventions such as tying limbs, cutting wounds, or using unverified traditional remedies, and instead focuses on rapid transport to qualified medical facilities.
Public awareness of correct first‑aid response and improved access to antivenom and trained healthcare workers are considered essential for reducing mortality and complications from snakebites.
Reports highlight that many health facilities lack full capacity to manage snakebite cases, and strengthening emergency care systems remains a priority.
